The hazaras of afghanistan meet your next favorite book. Pashtuns and hazaras in the kite runner 823 words bartleby. Persian is in the indoiranian branch of the indoeuropean language family. The hazara people and greater khorasan by muhammad taqi khavari. The conflict between the hazara and the pashtun started when abdur rahman khan became the ruler of afghanistan. The hazaras is book on the history of hazara people and afghanistan by the writer hassan poladi see also. There is a serious conflict between these two groups which started shortly after the founding of afghanistan in 1747. Persecution has shaped and defined the hazara, particularly over the last 200 years. It may be the translation of the mongol word ming or minggan, a military unit of 1,000 soldiers at the time of genghis khan. That they were mongols seemed probable enough in view of the general history of the area. Muhammad zakirya rated it it was amazing jun 03, 2014. For years, that was all i knew about the hazaras, that they were mogul descendants, and that they. Central asian cultural intelligence for military operations.
An historical, cultural, economic and political study by sayed askar mousavi. The hazaras and their role in afghanistan the hazaras and their role in afghanistan by rauf zeerak introduction the history of afghanistan is a very tragic one in so many ways. Hassan pouladi in his book about hazaras of afghanistan mentions that the theory of. The forgotten history of afghanistanpakistan relations. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online. Different ethnicities in afghanistan and position of hazaras among them 17 i pashtuns. Hazaras are victims of the blame game in afghanistan. A general description on the history of the hazara people in afganistan. The hazaras of afghanistan have borne the brunt of many of the destructive forces unleashed by the establishment of the afghan monarchy in 1747.
The pashtun people are sunni muslims and are willing to do anything to wipe out the hazara people. They constitute the majority of the population of afghanistan and bore the exclusive name of afghan before that name came. See more ideas about the clash, religion and afghan girl. They primarily occupy the central, mountainous region of afghanistan and make up the third largest ethnic group in the nation, accounting for about 1219% of. The hazaras and the afghan state niamatullah ibrahimi. Jan 21, 2015 the pashtuns do not believe the hazaras are loyal afghans and from here the conflict brews. Musa khan, ramazan bashardost, 106th hazara pioneers, hazara democratic party, sima samar, abdul ali mazari, mohammad ishaq alfayyad, hussain ali yousafi, malek shafii, azra jafari, habiba sarabi, mohammad mohaqiq, haider ali. Difference between hazara and pashtun hazara vs pashtun. There are also mongol influences in less than ten percent of hazaras. The hazaras have recently come into a more influential position largely shiia by religion and farsispeaking, the hazaras traditionally inhabited central afghanistan. Hazaras were massacred, tortured, imprisoned, and enslaved.
Human security, peacebuilding, and the hazara minority of. Hazaras are victims of the blame game in afghanistan kamran. Sadly, 60% of the hazara people were killed or sold as slaves. Superficially reached few evangelicals, but many who identify as christians.
Since dna evidence shows that central asia was among the first places peopled after humans left africa, the ancestors of the pashtuns may have been in the area for an incredibly long timeso long that they no longer even tell stories of having come from someplace else. Most speak dari, a form of persian, or many other languages. The cooperation with the local militias seems to have. Interestingly, the pashtuns do not have a single origin myth. In the 1880s, under the rule of amir abdur rahman khan, a pashtun ruler, hazaras were persecuted by government troops. Jul 19, 2010 the hazaras killed our force here, and now we have to kill hazaras. In the late 1900s, pashtun king amir abdul rahman khan. The hazara backed the wrong candidate in a succession struggle in the late 19th century, and ended up rebelling against the new government. The pashtuns do not believe the hazaras are loyal afghans and from here the conflict brews.
These local militias included groups of hazaras, uzbeks and tajiks. They constitute the majority of the population of afghanistan and bore the exclusive name of. Hazaras by hassan poladi meet your next favorite book. The account of how hazaras came to be known as khawaris is also interesting. Violence is a reoccuring theme with the conflict because of the strong distrust and judgement between the pashtuns and the hazaras. Theyre opinion of someone who wants to portray the hazaras and history in a bad way. This is one of most sought after book right now and unfortunately at the moment it is out of print. Aug 11, 2019 interestingly, the pashtuns do not have a single origin myth. The pashtun element in afghan society openedition books. Sectarian politics in afghanistan independent study course fall 2005.
Ishaq muhammadi and other hazaras for more than two decades. The hazaras are culturally and religiously linked to iran. Taliban are said to target hazaras to try to match isis brutality. Relatives of abducted members of afghanistans hazara ethnic group. A brief note on hazara and hazarajat by khuda nazar qambari, quetta. Introduction history the hazara are a people of distinctions set apart from fellow afghans by religion, mixed ethnicity and an independent nature and they have suffered for them. Jul 25, 2015 the history between hazaras and pashtuns has been very rough. In both cases the victims were primarily hazaras, a shia muslim. Evangelicals 2% professing christians 5% and 50% 3. Persistant rumors hold that they are descended from genghis khans army, members of which mixed with the local persian and turkic people. The hazaras have recently come into a more influential position within.
The clashes of cultures and religions can lead to the abuse and alienation of one particular ethnicity. In the kite runner, the author often refers to hassan being a hazara. The conflict between the pashtuns and hazaras in the kite runner directly reflects the real life issues in afghanistan starting in the late 70s and continuing on past 2001. Most of the things mentioned in this book are false. Feb 16, 2017 well part of the problem is their ancestors were a group of invaders to afghanistan who were unfamiliar with the idea of winning hearts and minds. Minimally reached few evangelicals, but significant number who identify as christians.
Theres facts, assumptions, unclear anaalysis all over the place, and it all doesnt make sense. It said the hazaras had tried to rise against the pashtuns in the nineteenth century, but the. Afghanistans ethnic groups share a y chromosomal heritage structured by historical events. The hazaras and their role in afghanistan the hazaras and. The history of hazara people was mostly written by their enemies.
Hazaras are members of an afghan ethnic minority group, whereas the pashtuns are a united group of tribes composing the largest ethnic group of afghanistan. The hazara have experienced discrimination at the hands of the pashtundominated government throughout the history of modern afghanistan. They tried to change or destroy the great cultural and historical background of hazaras. With time, the term hazar could have been substituted for the mongol word and now stands for the group.
The inquiry into the history of the hazara mongols of afghanistan by e. Security situation in areas with a hazara majority population 15. Ethnic composition of afghanistan afghanistan is a multiethnic country with an estimated population of about 30 million world fact book, 2012. Quando gengis khan, o poderoso lider dos mongois, enviou seus embaixadores a asia central, eles nao foram bem recebidos, entao gengis khan juntamente com seu exercito mongol invadiram a asia central e durante o seculo xiii irromperam no centro do afeganistao. The hazaras have recently come into a more influential position within the countrys social fabric because its tribally based pyramidal structure has been disrupted.
Hazaras connecting to the kite runner continued they called him flatnosed because of ali and hassans characteristic hazara mongoloid features. Relatives of abducted members of afghanistans hazara ethnic group and activists gathered throughout kabul this week to. He relied on british subsidies to maintain his central governments dominance, and was in particular need of it when the border was set because he was then engaged in warfare against the hazaras. The hazaras killed our force here, and now we have to kill hazaras. They speak the hazaragi variant of persian, one of the two official languages of afghanistan they are the thirdlargest ethnic group in afghanistan, also making up a significant minority group in the neighboring pakistan, with a population of. Current numbers suggest that roughly 42 per cent of afghans consider themselves pashtun, whereas the rest of the population is constituted of tajik sunni persianspeakers 27 per cent, the shiite hazara also persianspeakers, but of another. In both cases the victims were primarily hazaras, a. Jan 07, 2018 lol, to bring a different and perhaps a more accurate perspective other than what yama and obaidullah have said, i would have to say that we hazaras have always been at the short end of things in afghanistan.
The hazaras and pashtuns in afghanistan english at jhss. It describes afghan pushtun genealogies, the various lineages, and the many political events, wars, and polities, such as the safavid and mughal dynasties in khorasan and india, with which the pushtuns have historically been identified. An historical, cultural, economic and political study 9780312173869. Largely shiia by religion and farsispeaking, the hazaras traditionally inhabited central afghanistan. They may be remnants of the troops that carried out the siege of bamiyan in 1221. Hazara people are turkic people and descendants of the kushans. Hazaras and pushtons are two different ethnic groups of afghanistan. History of the hazaras free download as powerpoint presentation. A brief history of hazara people 3 1 the origin of hazara ethnic group.
This report documents two massacres committed by taliban forces in the central highlands of afghanistan, in january 2001and may 2000. In it, i read that my people, the pashtuns, had persecuted and oppressed the hazaras. That they were mongoloid was attested by their sparse beards and high cheekbones. History from a century and a half ago may also help explain the animosity the hazaras of todays daikundi province feel toward their former governor, popalzai durrani pashtun jan mohammad khan, a nang pashtun whose clan or family was probably among the pashtun groups that were involved in the ethnic cleansing of their ancestors when. What is the significance of the distinction between hazara and pashtun in afghanistanrelative to their religious affiliations and societal statusin the kite runner by khaled hosseini.
Three revolts over the last 15 years of the century ended with as many as 65% of the hazara population being either massacred or displaced to pakistan or iran. The conventional theory is that the name hazara derives from the persian word for thousand hezar. The history of their relationship with the afghan state has been punctuated by frequent episodes of ethnic cleansing, mass dispossession, forced displacement, enslavement and social and economic exclusion. The conflict between two groups has gone on for centuries, and it began shortly after the founding of afghanistan in 1747.
This creates an issue for not only hassan, but for. In the kite runner, the main character, amir, is a pashtun and his best friend hassan, who is also one of his familys servants, is a hazara. The hazaras and their role in afghanistan the hazaras. Afghanistan is one of the most indigent and impoverished nations of the world. It is one of the most wartom, most ravaged, and most besieged of all nations. Conflicts driving off traditional niche class have lit a spark between these two groups. The conflict between pashtuns and hazaras the bailey blog. Apr 23, 2015 taliban are said to target hazaras to try to match isis brutality. The best known of these mongol peoples are the hazara mongols, or hazaras, whom the writer visited in 193839 for ethnographic study. The conflict kept going because the hazara people were willing to fight for their rights and property. Significant inner asian descentin historical context, turkic and mongolis probable because their physical attributes, facial bone structures and parts. Pashtun, also spelled pushtun or pakhtun, hindustani pathan, persian afghan, pashtospeaking people residing primarily in the region that lies between the hindu kush in northeastern afghanistan and the northern stretch of the indus river in pakistan. This book contains a wealth of information about hazara people.
Tavarikhi khurshidi jahan literally, histories of the sun of the world is primarily a history of afghan pushtun or pashtun ancestry. Pdf the hazaras of afghanistan and their shia orientation. Hazaras speak a dialect of persian known as hazaragi, notable for its relatively high number of mongol and turkic words. The following list of books on hazaras are compiled by mr.
The history between hazaras and pashtuns has been very rough. Lol, to bring a different and perhaps a more accurate perspective other than what yama and obaidullah have said, i would have to say that we hazaras have always been at the short end of things in afghanistan. For all these years, the hazaras in iran were known as barbari, which they resented very much. The hazara are an afghan ethnic minority group of mixed persian, mongolian, and turkic ancestry. Pashtuns and hazaras in afghanistan by j ewa on prezi. These speeches, given by the most senior taliban official in mazar at the time, clearly indicate. Musa khan, ramazan bashardost, 106th hazara pioneers, hazara democratic party, sima samar, abdul ali mazari, mohammad ishaq alfayyad, hussain ali yousafi, malek shafii, azra jafari, habiba sarabi, mohammad mohaqiq, haider ali, faiz mohammad. Hazaras are another ethnic group who resides in afghanistan. Who are the pashtun people of afghanistan and pakistan. Political mobilization among the hazara of afghanistan.
Traditionally, the hazaras were placed as the lower class while. Their former political background was varied as well and included former members of parties such as hizbi islami, jamiati islami, junbeshi milli and among the shiites hizbi wahdat and harakati islami. Pashtun leaders, with occasional support from uzbek and tajik leaders, have denounced hazaras as not. What is the significance of the distinction between hazara.
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